How does urbanization affect vector ecology?

Urbanization significantly influences vector ecology by altering habitats in ways that can favor the proliferation of certain vector populations, such as mosquitoes and rodents. As urban areas expand, natural environments are modified or replaced with artificial structures and surfaces like roads, buildings, and water containers. This transformation often leads to the creation of microhabitats that provide ideal breeding and living conditions for vectors.

For instance, stagnant water collections in urban infrastructure, such as clogged gutters or flowerpots, can become breeding grounds for mosquitoes. The increased availability of food sources, including waste and shelter, can also support rodent populations. Consequently, urbanization can enhance the survivability and reproductive success of these vectors, leading to increased risks of vector-borne diseases.

The other options do not accurately capture the impact of urbanization on vector ecology. While some might assume that urbanization could reduce human-vector interactions or lessen the need for control measures, in fact, it often leads to increased interactions due to a higher population density and changing ecosystems. The assertion that it solely benefits wildlife overlooks the complexities of urban ecosystems, where some wildlife may struggle while vectors thrive.